Basic knowledge of car audio modification - car speakers
Date:2022/3/22 |Author:Max Lu|Vistors:5616978
The role of the speaker (commonly known as the horn) in the entire sound system is decisive, it can even affect the style of the entire sound system, and a good speaker has its own personality. In car audio modification, changing the host and changing speakers is the most common and basic modification. The speaker in the car audio is used as a restoration device to restore the sound, and the quality of the sound quality is directly represented by the speaker, which means that no matter how complicated the entire audio system is, in the end we only hear the sound of the speaker. The end device in the car audio-speaker is introduced below.
Walking into a car audio store, in addition to a dazzling array of mainframes and power amplifiers, you will also see those exquisite and unique speakers (speakers) of various styles. You may think that they are the same as ordinary home audio, but they are not. Where is the difference?
①Temperature
Home speakers are used in the room, so the temperature difference is small, while the car works outdoors, with the erratic climate, the temperature difference is large, so it must resist temperature aging.
②Humidity
Cars will be attacked by moisture when it rains, walks on watery roads, and washes the car, so car speakers need to be moisture-proof, and now more moisture-proof chemical synthetic material sound cones are used.
③Dust
The home appliance speakers are used in the room, so there is less dust, but there is a lot of dust in the car, so a dust cover is needed to prevent the friction of the voice coil from generating noise.
④Vibration
Car speakers are subject to vibrations and shocks when the car is moving anytime, anywhere, so the design must be firm and not loose.
⑤Noise
Taking into account various noise and vibration conditions, the materials used are different, and various methods are used to counteract the different noises.
⑥ Impedance
The power supply voltage of the car is low. In order to obtain high power, the impedance of the speaker is small, and 4Ω, 3.2Ω and 2Ω are mostly used.
① According to the frequency of the speaker playback
A. Full-range speakers: capable of reproducing full-range sound (20Hz-22kHz).
B. Tweeter: Also known as tweeter, tweeter, it mainly reproduces the sound of the high frequency part of 6-22kHz.
C. Midrange speaker: capable of reproducing 200Hz-6kHz sound.
D. Woofer: Also known as subwoofer or subwoofer (16Hz-200Hz).
②Divided by size
It can be divided into tweeter 80mm(3in), 100mm(4in), 130mm(5in), 150mm(6in), 200mm(8in), 250mm(10in), 300mm(12in) and so on. (Note 1in=25.3mm) There are also 100mm×150mm, 130mm×150mm, 150mm×230mm and other round ones. It can be selected according to the size reserved in the car.
③ According to performance and use
Can be divided into: unit speakers, set speakers, coaxial speakers, subwoofers.
Most of the original speakers on the car are unit speakers, which have a simple structure and can only express the mid-frequency range, with low treble and low bass. They are low-end products.
The set speaker is composed of a tweeter (tweeter), a mid-range speaker, a frequency divider, etc. Commonly used are two-way and three-way, the advantage is that it is conducive to the positioning of the sound field. Since different speakers are responsible for different frequencies, the crossover is accurate and the frequency range is wide. Here to introduce the divider. The crossover connects the audio source, the treble, and the mid-bass to make it a system. Its function is to assign the correct frequency to the corresponding speakers to ensure that the high and mid-range speakers can perform their duties. There are 0, -3dB, -6dB marks on some frequency dividers. It is actually an attenuation circuit for a tweeter. You can choose which one the tweeter is connected to according to your personal listening preference.
Because the set speakers have excellent sound field positioning ability, they are generally used in the front sound field. When installing, it should be noted that the distance between the tweeter and the mid-range speaker should not exceed 30cm. to avoid the sound being too diffuse. The installation position of the tweeter is particularly important. Because it will determine the position of the entire sound field.
INPUT is the audio input, WOO is connected to the mid-range speaker, and TWE is connected to the tweeter.
WOO and TWE also have writing Mid and High. The labels of different manufacturers are different. Usually, more English words should be accumulated (there is an appendix at the back of the book). Only the speakers of this model can be connected to the frequency divider, and do not connect other speakers indiscriminately. Because the crossover point and other parameters of the speakers of this set are designed, if you connect other speakers randomly, the effect will not meet the design requirements, and even the tweeter will be burned.
It is to place the high-mid speakers on the coaxial or the same chassis. The advantage of coaxial speakers is that they are easy to install and have a consistent sound source, that is, a point source. The disadvantage is that the treble often "covers" the midrange; the sound is hard and the sound field is uneven, and it is generally recommended to be used as a rear sound field speaker. In practice, the performance of 150mm × 230mm coaxial speakers is still good.
D. Woofer:
Generally more than 200mm, installed in a specially made bass box. The smaller the woofer size, the harder and crisper the sound effect; the larger the size, the deeper the sound effect and the heavier the lingering sound.
At present, an off-the-shelf subwoofer is used on the market for bass, which saves the trouble of making speakers, but the effect is not as good as speakers. A subwoofer is just a low-end product. There are two types of subwoofers: active and passive. Active subwoofer refers to a built-in power amplifier that has an independent power supply to drive the subwoofer to drive the woofer. Passive subwoofers have no built-in power amplifier, and the woofer is directly driven by the on-board power amplifier.
Bass can greatly improve the listening experience in the car, especially in high-speed driving, the bass will be greatly attenuated, and it is necessary to add a bass system. Woofers are generally divided into two types: single voice coil and double voice coil. Its impedances are 2Ω, 4Ω, 6Ω, 8Ω, and 6Ω, which are commonly used in European speakers.
